Handbook Answers

HANDBOOK 

Answer Key

Answers: Subjects and Predicates (p. 501)

1 . The full moon / rose majestically over the mountain peak.

2 . John / was ill on the day of the big test.

3 . The boys and girls / laughed and splashed happily in the pool.

4 . That man / by the door is my uncle.

5 . The judge / revoked Rudy’s parole and ordered him to jail.

6 . The tall oak / shaded almost the entire backyard.

7 . My favourite subject / is English.

8 . Mr. Eames / has bought a wicker chair for his living room.

Answers: Objects, Complements, and Appositives (p.504)

1. SC

2. IO

3. OC

4. DO

5. AP

6. DO

7. OC

8. SC

Answers: Nouns (p.505)

1. Jeremy, task, German, summer

2. Scrabble, game, evening

3. chairperson, decision, committee (you may need to explain that you is a pronoun rather than a noun per se)

4. tree, blossoms, bees

5. apartment, St. John’s, Newfoundland

6. Marcy Johnson, car, engine, road

Answers: Pronouns (p.32)

1. This (demonstrative), I (personal) (S)

2. Everyone (indefinite), she (personal) (S)

3. you (personal) (S),  yourself (reflexive)

4. That (demonstrative), who (interrogative), it (personal) (O)

5. What (interrogative) you (personal) (S), each (indefinite), their (personal) (P)

6. I (personal (S), myself (reflexive), anything (indefinite), that (relative)

Answers: Verbs (p.510)

1. need (action), will be (helping)

2. write (action), give (action)

3. has been (helping), sitting (action)

4. will be (helping), watching (action), play (action)

5. offered (action), was (linking)

6. has (helping), been (linking)

Answers: Tense and Voice of Verbs (p.515)

1. “will have arrived,” future perfect

2. “is relayed,” present perfect, passive

3. “will be dedicated,” future perfect, passive

4. “was asked,” past, passive; “had,” past

5. “have been told,” past perfect, passive, “face,” present

6. “bought,” past

7. “will start,” future

8. “works,” present

Answers: Adjectives (p.518) Please note: articles such as a, an, and the are sometimes classed as adjectives, but students may or may not choose to include them here as adjectives. Numbers such as three and four may be included, but do not have to be, as they are also cardinal numbers.

1.a (or indefinite article),  unhappy

2. an (or indefinite article), long, chatty

3. an (or indefinite article), English, black

4. an (or indefinite article), unusual, dining

5.The (or definite article), tired, red

6. few (or indefinite pronoun), a (or indefinite article),, slow, the (or definite article), resort

7. three, four (or cardinal number), the (or definite article)

8. the (or definite article), the (or definite article, beautiful

Answers: Adverbs (p.520)

1. more, frequently

2. noisily

3. quickly, intently

4. swiftly, silently

5. wearily

6. very fast

Answers: Prepositions and Their Objects (p.521)

1. before (P), rainstorm (O)

2. from (P), sunburn (O)

3. for (P), reasons (O), of (P) security (O), at (P), times (O)

4. after (P), dark (O), at (P), camp (O)

5. across (P), street (O), on (P), roof (O)

6. at (P), end (O), in (P), hall (O)

Answers: Conjunctions and Interjections (p.523)

1. not only, but also (CC)

2. While (SC)

3. Rats (I)

4. Although (SC)

5. consequently (CA)

6. indeed (CA)

Answers: Phrases (p.526)

1. gerund, noun

2. infinitive, noun

3. participial, adjective

4. prepositional, adverb

5. infinitive, adjective

6. prepositional, adverb

Answers: Clauses (p.529)

1. noun

2. adverb 

3. adjective 

4. adverb 

5. noun 

6. adjective

Answers: Clauses (pp. 531-32)

1.a. “A career requires . . .” IC, (Simple)

1.b. “Because the bag was full . . .” DC, “the vacuum cleaner backfired . . . IC, (Complex) 

1.c. “When Tom arrived . . .” DC, “his roommate asked . . .” IC, “where he had gone . . .” DC, “; six hours seemed  . . .” IC (Compound Complex)

1.d. “My apple tree blossomed . . .” IC, “; however, he peach trees have withered . . .” IC (Compound)

1. e. “It’s risky . . .” IC, “because one can . . .” DC, “that the confidence . . .” DC (Complex)

2. Answers will vary.

CONNECTED DISCOURSE EXERCISE Identify and correct the sentence fragments in the following letter (p.534):

Dear Phone Company:

Recently I received a phone bill for over $500. While I do use the phone fairly extensively. Most of the calls I make are local ones. In this case, many of the calls on my bill were to other countries. Including a phone call to New Delhi, India. I can hardly be held responsible for these calls. Especially since I don’t know anyone who lives overseas. Since the only long-distance call I made was to Sudbury, Ontario. I have deducted the charges for all the other long-distance calls from my bill and am sending you the balance. In order to prevent this type of error from happening again. Would you please have a representative determine why these charges appeared on my bill?

Sincerely,

Desperate

Fragments are underlined. Corrections may vary.

Answers: Sentence Fragments (p.534)

1. S, F The clerk handed the package to the customer and walked swiftly away from the counter.

2. F, S Exhausted by his efforts to push the car out of the snowbank, Paul slumped wearily into the easy chair.

3. S, F The dinner honoured three retirees, one of them my father.

4. F, S After tidying up the kitchen. My parents left for the movies.

5.  F, S If Dr. Frankenstein’s experiment is a success, he’ll throw a monster party to celebrate. 

6.  F, S Even though Ned studied very hard, he had trouble with the test.

7. S, F The dog barked at the stranger and chased him from the property.

8. F, S By leaving the ballpark before the last out was made, we avoided the after-game crowd.

CONNECTED DISCOURSE EXERCISE Identify and correct the comma splices and run-on sentences in the following letter (p 536):

Dear Desperate:

We are sorry to hear that you are having difficulty paying your bil; (CS) it is, however, your responsibility. Unfortunately we have no way to prevent you from making overseas call. You have to curb your own tendency to reach out and touch your friends. Following your instructions, we are sending a technician to remove y our phone. Please be home this Friday morning; (RO) he will arrive then. Even though we will remove your phone, you are still responsible for the unpaid portion of your bill. (CS)  It is your financial obligation. We would dislike referring this matter to a collection agency (CS) . Iit could ruin your credit rating.

Sincerely,

Your friendly phone representative

Answers: Fused Sentences and Comma Splices (p.534)

1. FS Lee is a difficult person. He becomes angry whenever he doesn’t get his own way.

2. C The student appeared puzzled by the instructor’s answer to his question, but he 

    said nothing more

3. CS The doctor warned Allan about his high cholesterol level, so he went on a highfibre diet.

4. FS Sally researched her topic thoroughly and wrote her report carefully;  as a result 

    she received an A

5. C It’s nice to see you again; we should get together more often.

6. CS The horse stumbled and nearly fell in the backstretch; nevertheless it managed 

    to finish second

7. CS Janice thought the exercises would be easy, but after finishing them she found that 

    her whole body ached.

8. CS I’ve just started to take up chess, so you can hardly expect me to play well.

Corrections will vary.

CONNECTED DISCOURSE EXERCISE Identify and correct the subject–verb agreement errors in the following letter (p. 538):

Regional Accounts Manager:

One of your area phone representatives has seriously misread a letter I submitted with my bill. I refused to pay for long-distance overseas calls since neither I nor my roommate know anyone who lives overseas. Instead of deducting the calls from my bill, she sent someone to remove my phone. Now my phone, along with many of my valuable possessions, has been removed. Unfortunately the technician, whom I allowed into my apartment only after carefully checking his credentials, was a thief. He locked me in a closet and cleared out the apartment. I have called the police, but I also expect the phone company to reimburse me for my losses. There are only two choices. Either the stolen items or a cheque covering the loss needs to be sent to me immediately. Otherwise I am afraid I will be forced to sue. A jury is sure to rule in my favour. In addition, I expect to find that those overseas calls have been deducted from my bill.

Sincerely,

Desperately Desperate

Answers: Verb Forms (p.539)

1. have

2. is

3. are

4. take

5. represents

6. makes

7. Has

8. was

CONNECTED DISCOURSE EXERCISE Identify and correct the pronoun–antecedent agreement errors in the following letter (p. 541):

Dear Desperately Desperate:

We were sorry to hear about the theft from your apartment. Apparently a gang of con artists recently had its base of operations in your city. They posed as repair technicians and presented false credentials to people expecting their phones to be repaired. Someone also must have intercepted your mail and written his or her own response since we have no record of any previous letter from you. Clearly neither the representative you mentioned nor the phony phone technician could have held his or her position with our company. All of our technicians must provide us with their fingerprints and take periodic lie detector tests. Further, none of our representatives will answer correspondence since it is not a part of his or her job description. For these reasons, we do not believe we are responsible for your losses. However, a review of our records shows that you owe $500; we have included a copy of the bill in case you have misplaced the original.

Sincerely,

Accounts Manager

Answers: Pronoun Agreement (p.541)

1. his or her

2. their

3. their

4. his or her

5. its

6. her

7. their

8. its

CONNECTED DISCOURSE EXERCISE Identify and correct any faulty pronoun references in the following memorandum (p. 543):

TO: Director of Food Services, Groan University

FROM: Vice-President of Services

DATE: February 19, 2008

SUBJECT: Student Complaints about Cafeteria

Complaints about food quality and cafeteria hours are common but easily resolved. The cafeteria hours can be extended by simply installing vending machines. These vending machines might not make for a nutritious meal, but they certainly will undercut some of the dissatisfaction. Of course, no matter how good the food, students will complain. Still, you can partially defuse those complaints by having students list their major concerns and then meeting them. Of course, you can always increase student satisfaction by purchasing a soft ice cream machine and offering ice cream for dessert.

Answers: Pronoun Reference (p.544) Corrections will vary.

1. (F) Ann told Jennifer, “ The boss wanted to see you.”

2. (F) Ruth took off the ring that was hurting her finger.

3. (F) The farmer’s market sells many kinds of produce.

4. (C)

5. (C)

6. (F) Knowing that my friends like hot dogs, I grilled hot dogs at the picnic

7. (F) When Jeffrey rose to make his speech, the entire class started laughing

8. (F) The paper told about the province’s budget surplus.

CONNECTED DISCOURSE EXERCISE Identify and correct the unwarranted shifts in person in the following paragraph (p. 545):

Good health is clearly important to you. But it is your responsibility to ensure your own good health. You can start with simple exercises. We would like to provide you with a low-impact aerobics DVD for only $9. We guarantee that the more out of shape you are, the quicker you will notice the benefits. The way our bodies feel affects the quality of our lives. Let our tape help you to a better life.

Answers: Shifts in Person (p.545-546)

1. (C)

2. (F) We like the location of our new house very much; we are close to a couple of 

   large shopping centres

3. (C)

4. (C)

5. (F) If you complete a degree in vocational education, you can expect a rewarding 

career.

6. (F) Once we learn to ride a bicycle, we never forget how

7. (F) Those wishing to make the trip to Kelowna should make their own hotel 

 reservations.

8. (C)

CONNECTED DISCOURSE EXERCISE Identify and correct the pronoun case errors in the following paragraph (p. 548):

Between my brother and me, we are always able to pull at least five goodsized trout a day from the creek behind our house. We rural trout fishermen just seem to have the knack. Of course, those city fishermen who insist on employing artificial flies won’t appreciate our methods even if they can’t do as well as we can. We just let our bait, usually a juicy worm, float downstream to the waiting trout. Of course, my brother won’t let the fishing interfere with his sleeping. In fact, it was he who developed the idea of looping the line around his toe so that he would wake up when a trout took the bait. Others have told my brother and me that this method is dangerous, but neither of us has lost a toe yet. Of course, the people whom we invite to dinner don’t complain about our methods, and they seem to enjoy the fish.

Answers: Pronoun Form (p.549)

1. who

2. I

3. We

4. whom

5. I

6. us

7. I

8. me

CONNECTED DISCOURSE EXERCISE Identify and correct any inconsistencies in showing time in the following passage (p. 550):

There is no better time to go swimming than at night. The summer after I had graduated from high school, I  had worked for a landscaping company. After a sweaty day mowing lawns and digging up gardens, all of us who worked there would jump into the back of Dick’s old pickup and rattle out to Woods Lake. It was just dark as we arrived. The moon was beautiful, reflected in that black mirror set in a frame of hills. We stumbled down a small, sandy hill to the beach, where we stripped off our dusty jeans and sweaty shirts before plunging into the cool reflection of stars.

Answers: Shifts in Tense (p. 550)

1. (F) Although the alarm had rung, Bob continued to lie in bed

2. (C)

3. (F) John is writing his dissertation but finds the job tough going.

4. (F) When the trapeze artist fell into the net, the audience gaspsed loudly

5. (F) When I had baked the cake, I ate a slice (or After I baked the cake, I ate a slice.)

6. (F) Edward walks for half an hour before he eats dinner. (or Edward walked… before he ate dinner.)

7. (F) Sarah has many friends but sees them infrequently.

8. (F) As Elaine was walking toward the garden, a rabbit scampered quickly away

CONNECTED DISCOURSE EXERCISE Identify and correct the adjective–adverb errors in the following paragraph (p. 552):

This year our football team is outstanding. Spike Jones, our quarterback, has been playing very well this past season. Stan Blunder, the more talented of our two ends, hasn’t dropped a pass all season. The team can almost always count on Stan to catch the crucial first-down pass. Of course, the team wouldn’t be where it is today without John Schoolyard’s good coaching. He has made this team much  better than it was a year ago. Only the kicking team has done badly this season. Of course, with this wonderful offence, the defensive players haven’t got much practice. The good news is, then, that we can surely expect to watch some terrific university football for years to come.

Answers: Proper Word Form (p. 552)

1. stronger

2. less

3. well

4. Almost

5. silliest

6. badly

7. funniest

8. deepest

Answers: Misplaced Modifiers (p. 556)

1. (C)

2. (MM) Brenda returned the cottage cheese that had spoiled to the store. 

3. (MM) Wearing heavy boots, the hikers tramped through the woods. 

4. (C)

5. (MM) Mark mailed a package sealed with masking tape to his friend. 6. (MM) The woman packing her suitcase glanced hastily out the window at the commotion in the yard.

7. (C)

8. (MM) In Regina Jerry bought an Inuit carving for his bedroom. (It is also possible that students may assume the bedroom is in Regina, in which case the sentence would be correct.)  

Answers: Dangling Modifiers (p. 557)

1. (DM) When I danced at the wedding reception, my feet hurt.

2. (C)

3. (DM) Looking out the window, I saw that a velvety lawn ran down to the river’s edge.

4. (DM) Our parents wouldn’t let us keep the stray cat with the mangy fur.

5. (C)

6. (DM) As I reminisced about my school days, a run-in with my principal came to mind.

7. (DM) Unaware of what had happened, Nan was puzzled by the confusion. 

8. (DM) When I was eight years old, my father wrote a best-selling novel.

Answers: Parallelism (p. 559)

1. (C)

2. (NP) Although he had practised for several days, the scout could tie neither a square 

    knot nor a bowline3. (NP) This job will involve waiting on customers, and maintaining our inventory.

4. (NP) My summer job at a provincial park gave me experience in repairing buildings, 

    operating heavy equipment, and assisting park visitors

5. (C)

6. (NP) Once out of high school, Barry plans to join either the navy or the air force.

7. (NP) My favourite sports are swimming, golfing, and bowling.

8. (NP) Janice’s leisure activities include collecting coins, reading, and watching TV

CONNECTED DISCOURSE EXERCISE Identify and correct the misplaced modifiers, dangling modifiers, non-parallelism, and faulty comparisons in the following memorandum (p. 561):

TO: All Residency Hall Advisors in Knuckles Hall

FROM: John Knells, Residence Hall Director

DATE: March 13, 2008

SUBJECT: Noise in Residence Hall

Recently I received a report from a student that deeply disturbed me. Apparently, after quiet hours students are still having visitors in their rooms, playing their stereos loudly, and even staging boxing matches in the halls. The student who has written me has desperately tried to study. However, disturbed by the noise, he is often forced to leave his room. He has not been the only one to complain. You should know that we have had more complaints about Knuckles Hall than about any other residence on campus. Since discussing this problem with you at the last staff meeting, things haven’t seemed to get any better. Not only are the rules poorly enforced, but they are also completely ignored. Your job performance is worse than the students’ behaviour. If you don’t improve immediately, I will be forced to dismiss you.

Answers: Faulty Comparisons (p. 561)

1. (FC) The houses on Parkdale Street are more modest than those on Windsor Terrace

2. (C)

3. (FC) The finish on the dresser is not as smooth as the finish on the end table.

4. (FC) In contrast to the aboveground sprinkling system in your yard, I have an underground sprinkling      system in my yard.       

5. (FC) My mother’s homemade jam has more flavour than any other jam I’ve eaten.

6. (FC) . The dresses sold at The Bay are much less expensive than the dresses sold at Tres Chic Shoppe.

7. (FC) The paint on the front of the house is much lighter than the paint on the back of the house.

CONNECTED DISCOURSE EXERCISE Supply, delete, or relocate apostrophes as necessary in the following memorandum (p. 564):

TO: The Records Office Staff

FROM: The Assistant Registrar

DATE: January 27, 2008

SUBJECT: Faulty Student Transcripts

Recently, we have had too many student complaints’ complaints about handwritten transcripts. Apparently it’s hard to tell the B’s and D’s apart. One staff member’s handwriting is totally illegible. This staff member’s carelessness is unacceptable. Someone’s even gone so far as to write grade change’s changes in pencil, which allows students to make changes. This can’t continue. In a short time, John and Marys’ student assistants will be typing the past transcripts into our new computer system. Once grades are entered, the computer’s ability to generate grade reports will solve this problem. Until that time, let’s make an effort to produce clear and professional-looking transcripts.

Apostrophes added where necessary. 

Answers: Apostrophes (p.565)

1. boss’s, company’s

2. Let’s, what’s, Melany’s

3. Dave’s, Marvin’s

4. It’s, it’s (The first and third “its” are incorrect. The second its is correct.)

5. Sue’s, friends’

6. l’s, e’s

7. everyone’s, we’ll

8. consequently’s, accordingly’s

CONNECTED DISCOURSE EXERCISE Add or delete commas as necessary in the following letter (p. 569):

Dear Loy Norrix Knight:

While we know you will be busy this summer, we hope you will take time to join us for the twenty-year reunion of the graduating class of 1991. The reunion will include a cocktail hour, a buffet dinner, and a dance. For your entertainment we are going to bring in a professional band and a band starring some of your good old high school chums. John Mcleary, who is now a well-known professional nightclub performer, will serve as the emcee. Do you remember him hosting our Grade 12 assemblies? Yes, many of your former, hardworking teachers will be at the reunion. You can thank them for the difference they made in your life, or you can tell them what you’ve thought of them all these years. This reunion will also be your opportunity to catch up on the lives of your former friends, find out what that old flame now looks like, and brag a little about your own successes. And, if you are really lucky, you might even be able to sneak a dance with your high school prom partner. We hope you will make plans to join us here at the Penticton Hilton on July 28, 2011, at 7 P.M. Wear your best 1990s-style clothes. Remember, revisiting the past can be fun.

Sincerely,

The Reunion Committee

Answers: Commas (p. 569)

1. Before leaving, Jim stopped to say goodbye to Lisa.

2. Although our prices continue to go up, people will probably keep buying our computer games.

3. This store’s burglar alarm system, which is very outdated, should be replaced immediately.

4. Stepping into the cool pleasant bake shop, Annette bought a large cinnamon doughnut for a snack.

5. Mr. Kowalski was born in Warsaw, Poland, and became a Canadian citizen on February 15, 1994.

6. The brakes on our car aren’t working, so we’ll have to take the bus.

7. The movie-going couple bought popcorn, candy bars, and large Cokes at the lobby concession stand. 

8. For more information about the Scotland tour, write Doreen Campbell 218 Riverdale Street, Windsor, Ontario M6T 3Y7.

Some commas are optional.

CONNECTED DISCOURSE EXERCISE Add and delete semicolons as appropriate in the following letter (p. 571). You may have to substitute semicolons for commas.

Dear Student:

Our university, as you are well aware, has been going through a number of changes, and these developments, both  in the registration system and the curriculum, will continue next year. In the end these improvements will only benefit you, but we know that many of you have been anxious about the exact nature of the changes. To answer your questions, we have arranged an open forum with Linda Peters, president of the university; Drake Stevens, the registrar; and Jerry Mash, vice-president of academic affairs. The meeting will be held in Johnston Hall, 2 P.M., March 23. Please come with your questions; this is your opportunity to put your fears to rest.

Sincerely,

Jessica X. Pelle

Dean of Students

Answers: Semi-colons (p. 571)

1. The garage sale included women’s coats, hats, and purses; men’s shoes, shirts, and ties; and children’s scarves, mittens, and boots.

2. James couldn’t stand his sarcastic boss; therefore, he quit his job.

3. Our house is far too small; we should start looking for a larger one.

4. Morris wanted to work for a company that was small, environmentally responsible, and located in a midsize city; and finally, after a dozen job interviews, he went to work for Greenland, Inc.

5. This has been a good year for raspberries; I’ve got more than thirty litres from my small patch of bushes.

6. C

7. After touring the company’s facilities, we had lunch with Giles Seymour, its president; Cheryl James, its sales manager; and Daryl Brewer, its research director.

8. Penny is a real cat lover; in fact, she has six cats.

CONNECTED DISCOURSE EXERCISE Add, change, or remove end marks as necessary. You may want to do some slight rewording (p. 573).

It was horrifying!  The mob of screaming fans grabbed Jack Slitherhips as he left the concert hall. Soon all I could see were his arms reaching for help, but it never came. Why do fans act this way? I am left wondering whether they love or hate their idols. They tore the clothes off Slitherhips and patches out of his hair. Someone even snatched his false teeth. Is this any way to treat a fading rock star? Jack is now in the hospital in a complete body cast. When I finally got to see him, he mumbled that he was giving up show business. He plans to settle down on a small farm. Who can blame him?

Corrections will vary.

Answers: End Punctuation (p. 574)

1. C

2. C

3. Good lord! Quit popping that gum before you drive me nuts!

4. C

5. Where do you plan to spend your vacation this year?

6. While you were in Vancouver, did you go to GM Place and see a Canucks game?

7. Would you be interested in having dinner with me tonight?

8. C

CONNECTED DISCOURSE EXERCISE Supply any necessary or appropriate colons, dashes, parentheses, and brackets in the following letter (p. 576):

Wayout Auto Company:

We at Oldfield Sales—a subsidiary of Jip, Inc.—have had a serious problem with the cars we ordered from your company for leasing to our customers (who will probably never return to us again). Two major parts fell off while the cars were sitting in the customers’ driveways: the exhaust system and the transmission. If this had happened while they were driving (thank goodness it didn’t) our customers could have been killed. Just imagine what that—especially once it got into the newspapers—would have done to our business. We must hold you to your claim that “while our cars are the cheepest [sic] on the market, we garnishee [sic] every car we sell.” We expect immediate reimbursement for all the cars we purchased from you plus one million dollars to cover the damage to our reputation. A menace, a rip-off, a bad business deal—that’s what your cars are. If you don’t issue a formal recall for all your vehicles by 5:30 P.M., Friday, July 23, we will be forced to forward this matter to the federal government.

Sincerely,

Ken Swindelle

Service Manager

Some corrections may vary.

Answers: Punctuation (p. 577)

1. Worthington’s new house (mansion would be a better term) has twenty-eight rooms.

2. This resort offers unsurpassed facilities for three winter sports: ice skating, skiing, and tobogganing.

3. Two long meetings, a shopping trip, a dinner engagement—I’ve had a busy day!

4. The main parts of the pressure tester include (1) an indicator dial, (2) a hose connection, (3) a damper valve, and (4) a sensing unit.

5. At the tone, the time will be 3:30 p.m. exactly.

6. The headline stated: “Students Voice They’re [sic] Disapproval of Tuition Hike.”

7. “His [Charles Darwin’s book On the Origin of Species] touched off a controversy that still continues,” the lecturer declared.

8. One major social problem will remain with us for years—the need for more affordable housing.

CONNECTED DISCOURSE EXERCISE Use quotation marks correctly in the following paragraph (p. 579).

Mr. Silver recently lectured our class on Stephen Crane’s “The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky.” “One thing we shouldn’t forget,” Mr. Silver insisted, “is that the town is deliberately named Yellow Sky.”  What is the significance of Crane’s choice of the words Yellow Sky? Mr. Silver pointed out a number of possible associations, including cowardice, the setting sun, the open expanse of the West, freedom, and the sand in the concluding passage. “The story,” Mr. Silver stated, “is drenched in colour words.” “For example,” he pointed out, “in the first three paragraphs alone Crane mentions vast flats of green grass, brick-coloured hands, new black clothes, and a dress of blue cashmere.”

Answers: Quotation Marks (p. 579)

1. Jeffrey called the novel’s plot “a hopeless mishmash.”

2. “I think,” said Tom, “that I’ll go to Niagara Falls for the weekend.”

3. What poem has the lines “Home is the sailor, home from the sea, / And the hunter home from the hills?”

4. Denise tells everyone, “I prefer classical music”; however, her CD collection includes only hard rock and country music.

5. In his closing argument, the attorney challenged the jury: “How would any of us act if accused of a crime we didn’t commit?”

6. “At last my paper is finished,” John said happily. “Now I can start typing it.”

7. Does anyone here know the difference between affect and effect?

8. Why did Neil’s wife ask him, “How would you like me to dispose of your

remains?”

Answers: Quotation Marks (p. 581)

1. The task of re-siding the house will take three days.

2. Margaret is the most self-sufficient person that I’ve ever met.

3. Judge Grimm gave the convicted arsonist a ten-to-twenty year prison sentence.

4. Nearly three-quarters of our chemistry majors go on to graduate school.

5. When I was thirty-five years old, I quit my boring job and opened my own small business.

6. Most of my ex-soldier friends belong to veterans’ organizations.

7. Jeremiah’s anti-government tirades have caused most of his friends to avoid him.

8. The orange-red flowers growing next to the house contrasted strongly with the dark grey of its walls.

Answers: Capitalization (p. 583)

1. The recipe for this stew comes from The Canadian Family Cookbook.

2. My cousin has accepted a job with the federal national mortgage association and will move to Ottawa, Ont., in July.

3. The announcement said that Sergeant Brockway had received a second lieutenant’s commission.

4. The newest municipal judge in Boyle City is Judge Martha Berkowicz.

5. Unless sales increase markedly in the next quarter, the Delta Corporation will be forced into bankruptcy.

6. We need to buy some Shreddies, Mum.

7. What are your postretirement plans, Professor?

Answers: Abbreviations (p. 585)

1. The conference on poverty in the twenty-first century will be chaired by Donald Frump, Ph.D.

2. When writing, don’t use Latin terms such as i.e. and e.g. except as comments in parentheses and footnotes.

3. The United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) sponsors programs in primary education throughout developing countries.

4. My physics instructor, Dr. Seth Greenfield, Jr., has just completed a textbook on optics.

5. The thermometer on my front porch says that the temperature is 19° C.

6. At 10:20 a.m., the local TV station announced that a tornado had been sighted near Leesville.

7. This fall, the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) will air nine new sitcoms.

8. Which would you prefer, Mr. Bartleby, tea or coffee?

Answers: Numbers (p. 586)

1. Fifty thousand people ride this city’s buses each day.

2. The article on page 59 of this weeks issue of Maclean’s discusses Alanis Morisette’s latest CD.

3. Next Saturday at 1:30 p.m., the city will test its emergency warning sirens.

4. My grandparents’ golden wedding anniversary was July 17, 2009.

5. Mildred has 500 books, 200 CDs, and 55 DVDs.

6. It is not uncommon for credit-card holders to pay interest rates of 18 percent or more.

7. Laura’s plane will leave for Halifax at 2:30 p.m. on May 16th.

8. The thickness of this piece needs to be increased by 0.15 of a centimetre.

CONNECTED DISCOURSE EXERCISE Use hyphens, capitalization, abbreviations, numbers, and italics properly in the following passage (p. 588).

Because I can speak Russian fluently, I was recruited by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) while still at Boston College. I suspected that it was Professor Hogsbottom, a political science teacher, who had suggested that they consider me. After all, he had been a general during World War II (WWII) and still had connections with the intelligence community. It turned out that my brother-in-law was responsible; he was an ex-FBI agent. Soon I was an American spy located (of all places) in England. Who would suspect that we had to spy on the English? For three years I posed as a British aristocrat who was a general bon vivant and man-about-town. I went by the alias of Mr. Henry Higgins, Jr.  Everyone, of course, wanted to know if I had seen My Fair Lady. Personally I thought the whole thing was a Monty Python type of joke until I found a position in the British secret service. Who could have believed the British kept so many secrets from their American allies? For twenty-one years I spied on the British without anyone suspecting that I was an all-American boy. I did find out recently, however, that because of my fluent Russian they had suspected me of being a Russian spy and had been feeding me false information all along.

Answers: Italics (p. 589)

1. To keep abreast of the business news, I read both Investor’s Daily and Forbes.

2. Next week, Boris is taking the Siberian Express to Irkutsk, Siberia.

3. Of all my art prints, I like Erte’s Fishbowl best.

4. There are few artistic statements against war as powerful as Picasso’s Guernica.

5. My uncle served on the cruiser Indianapolis during World War II.

6. Because Pam lost her brother’s copy of Moby Dick, she bought him a new one.

7. Sometimes when I try to print a b I make a d instead.

8. In Scotland, the term lum refers to a chimney.